Exodus Chapter 10 - 12
Special thanks are given to Jesus Christ, my Lord and Savior, for the gift of writing and the privilege of sharing this Bible Study. His guidance and blessings have made this work possible, and it is with a grateful heart that can share my study with you. I hope you find it informational and helpful in your spiritual journey. I am asking that you open your hearts and minds to accept the word of Christ into your hearts and accept His word to transform your life in positive ways. This is the first part of my online Christian Bookstore Fellowship and I do accept donations that will further my mission to have a Bookstore in our community, a place where we can sit down face to face and enjoy this Bible Study over open and honest conversation. I will continue this online Study as well to complete the entire year. Thank you for following The Mustard Seed Christian Bookstore Fellowship & Café online Bible Study.
This Bible study is written with inspiration and wisdom from the Holy Spirit, Scripture from the Holy Bible (NIV), NKJV Life Application Study Bible, analytical support and help in organizing and presentation from Grok AI and writing assistance with drafting and editing from Microsoft Co-Pilot.
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Heavenly Father,
We come before You with humble hearts, grateful for the opportunity to gather and study Your Word. As we open the pages to Exodus chapters 10 through 12, we ask for Your wisdom and guidance. May Your Holy Spirit illuminate these passages, helping us understand the depth of Your power, mercy, and deliverance.
Lord Jesus, just as You led Your people out of bondage, lead us out of anything that holds us back from fully embracing Your truth. Open our minds to receive Your teachings and our hearts to be transformed by Your love. Let this study strengthen our faith and draw us closer to You.
Bless our time together, and may Your presence fill this space. Help us to learn, grow, and encourage one another as we seek to follow You more faithfully.
In Your holy name we pray, Amen.
Recapping Exodus 7–9 : We remember Moses and Aaron confront Pharaoh as the Lord had asked. Even with the trick demonstrated with the staff turning it into a serpent, Pharaoh refuses to free Israel. Then God sends the following plagues on Egypt:
Plagues:
Nile → blood
Frogs (promise, reneges)
Gnats (magicians admit God's power)
Flies (Israel spared; promise, backs out)
Livestock die (Egypt only)
Boils
Hail & fire (Goshen spared; promise, hardens again)
Pharaoh wavers repeatedly → heart hardens (by him/God) each time relief comes.
We now enter into the eighth plague and more. Lets see what happens.
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Exodus 10
The Eighth Plague: Locusts
1Now the Lord said to Moses, “Go in to Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his servants, that I may show these signs of Mine before him, 2and that you may tell in the hearing of your son and your son’s son the mighty things I have done in Egypt, and My signs which I have done among them, that you may know that I am the Lord.”
3So Moses and Aaron came in to Pharaoh and said to him, “Thus says the Lord God of the Hebrews: ‘How long will you refuse to humble yourself before Me? Let My people go, that they may serve Me. 4Or else, if you refuse to let My people go, behold, tomorrow I will bring locusts into your territory. 5And they shall cover the face of the earth, so that no one will be able to see the earth; and they shall eat the residue of what is left, which remains to you from the hail, and they shall eat every tree which grows up for you out of the field. 6They shall fill your houses, the houses of all your servants, and the houses of all the Egyptians—which neither your fathers nor your fathers’ fathers have seen, since the day that they were on the earth to this day.’ ” And he turned and went out from Pharaoh.
7Then Pharaoh’s servants said to him, “How long shall this man be a snare to us? Let the men go, that they may serve the Lord their God. Do you not yet know that Egypt is destroyed?”
8So Moses and Aaron were brought again to Pharaoh, and he said to them, “Go, serve the Lord your God. Who are the ones that are going?”
9And Moses said, “We will go with our young and our old; with our sons and our daughters, with our flocks and our herds we will go, for we must hold a feast to the Lord.”
10Then he said to them, “The Lord had better be with you when I let you and your little ones go! Beware, for evil is ahead of you. 11Not so! Go now, you who are men, and serve the Lord, for that is what you desired.” And they were driven out from Pharaoh’s presence.
12Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts, that they may come upon the land of Egypt, and eat every herb of the land—all that the hail has left.” 13So Moses stretched out his rod over the land of Egypt, and the Lord brought an east wind on the land all that day and all that night. When it was morning, the east wind brought the locusts. 14And the locusts went up over all the land of Egypt and rested on all the territory of Egypt. They were very severe; previously there had been no such locusts as they, nor shall there be such after them. 15For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened; and they ate every herb of the land and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left. So there remained nothing green on the trees or on the plants of the field throughout all the land of Egypt.
16Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron in haste, and said, “I have sinned against the Lord your God and against you. 17Now therefore, please forgive my sin only this once, and entreat the Lord your God, that He may take away from me this death only.” 18So he went out from Pharaoh and entreated the Lord. 19And the Lord turned a very strong west wind, which took the locusts away and blew them into the Red Sea. There remained not one locust in all the territory of Egypt. 20But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go.
The Ninth Plague: Darkness
21Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, darkness which may even be felt.” 22So Moses stretched out his hand toward heaven, and there was thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days. 23They did not see one another; nor did anyone rise from his place for three days. But all the children of Israel had light in their dwellings.
24Then Pharaoh called to Moses and said, “Go, serve the Lord; only let your flocks and your herds be kept back. Let your little ones also go with you.”
25But Moses said, “You must also give us sacrifices and burnt offerings, that we may sacrifice to the Lord our God. 26Our livestock also shall go with us; not a hoof shall be left behind. For we must take some of them to serve the Lord our God, and even we do not know with what we must serve the Lord until we arrive there.”
27But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let them go. 28Then Pharaoh said to him, “Get away from me! Take heed to yourself and see my face no more! For in the day you see my face you shall die!”
29So Moses said, “You have spoken well. I will never see your face again.”
Exodus 11
Death of the Firstborn Announced
1And the Lord said to Moses, “I will bring one more plague on Pharaoh and on Egypt. Afterward he will let you go from here. When he lets you go, he will surely drive you out of here altogether. 2Speak now in the hearing of the people, and let every man ask from his neighbor and every woman from her neighbor, articles of silver and articles of gold.” 3And the Lord gave the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of Pharaoh’s servants and in the sight of the people.
4Then Moses said, “Thus says the Lord: ‘About midnight I will go out into the midst of Egypt; 5and all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne, even to the firstborn of the female servant who is behind the handmill, and all the firstborn of the animals. 6Then there shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, such as was not like it before, nor shall be like it again. 7But against none of the children of Israel shall a dog move its tongue, against man or beast, that you may know that the Lord does make a difference between the Egyptians and Israel.’ 8And all these your servants shall come down to me and bow down to me, saying, ‘Get out, and all the people who follow you!’ After that I will go out.” Then he went out from Pharaoh in great anger.
9But the Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh will not heed you, so that My wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.” 10So Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh; and the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he did not let the children of Israel go out of his land.
Exodus 12
The Passover Instituted
1Now the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, 2“This month shall be your beginning of months; it shall be the first month of the year to you. 3Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying: ‘On the tenth of this month every man shall take for himself a lamb, according to the house of his father, a lamb for a household. 4And if the household is too small for the lamb, let him and his neighbor next to his house take it according to the number of the persons; according to each man’s need you shall make your count for the lamb. 5Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year. You may take it from the sheep or from the goats. 6Now you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of the same month. Then the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it at twilight. 7And they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel of the houses where they eat it. 8Then they shall eat the flesh on that night; roasted in fire, with unleavened bread and with bitter herbs they shall eat it. 9Do not eat it raw, nor boiled at all with water, but roasted in fire—its head with its legs and its entrails. 10You shall let none of it remain until morning, and what remains of it until morning you shall burn with fire. 11And thus you shall eat it: with a belt on your waist, your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. So you shall eat it in haste. It is the Lord’s Passover.
12‘For I will pass through the land of Egypt on that night, and will strike all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the Lord. 13Now the blood shall be a sign for you on the houses where you are. And when I see the blood, I will pass over you; and the plague shall not be on you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.
14‘So this day shall be to you a memorial; and you shall keep it as a feast to the Lord throughout your generations. You shall keep it as a feast by an everlasting ordinance. 15Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread. On the first day you shall remove leaven from your houses. For whoever eats leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that person shall be cut off from Israel. 16On the first day there shall be a holy convocation, and on the seventh day there shall be a holy convocation for you. No manner of work shall be done on them; but that which everyone must eat—that only may be prepared by you. 17So you shall observe the Feast of Unleavened Bread, for on this same day I will have brought your armies out of the land of Egypt. Therefore you shall observe this day throughout your generations as an everlasting ordinance. 18In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of the month at evening. 19For seven days no leaven shall be found in your houses, since whoever eats what is leavened, that same person shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he is a stranger or a native of the land. 20You shall eat nothing leavened; in all your dwellings you shall eat unleavened bread.’ ”
21Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Pick out and take lambs for yourselves according to your families, and kill the Passover lamb. 22And you shall take a bunch of hyssop, dip it in the blood that is in the basin, and strike the lintel and the two doorposts with the blood that is in the basin. And none of you shall go out of the door of his house until morning. 23For the Lord will pass through to strike the Egyptians; and when He sees the blood on the lintel and on the two doorposts, the Lord will pass over the door and not allow the destroyer to come into your houses to strike you. 24And you shall observe this thing as an ordinance for you and your sons forever. 25It will come to pass when you come to the land which the Lord will give you, just as He promised, that you shall keep this service. 26And it shall be, when your children say to you, ‘What do you mean by this service?’ 27that you shall say, ‘It is the Passover sacrifice of the Lord, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt when He struck the Egyptians and delivered our households.’ ” So the people bowed their heads and worshiped. 28Then the children of Israel went away and did so; just as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did.
The Tenth Plague: Death of the Firstborn
29And it came to pass at midnight that the Lord struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of livestock. 30So Pharaoh rose in the night, he, all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where there was not one dead.
The Exodus
31Then he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, “Rise, go out from among my people, both you and the children of Israel. And go, serve the Lord as you have said. 32Also take your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and be gone; and bless me also.”
33And the Egyptians urged the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste. For they said, “We shall all be dead.” 34So the people took their dough before it was leavened, having their kneading bowls bound up in their clothes on their shoulders. 35Now the children of Israel had done according to the word of Moses, and they had asked from the Egyptians articles of silver, articles of gold, and clothing. 36And the Lord had given the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they granted them what they requested. Thus they plundered the Egyptians.
37Then the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand men on foot, besides children. 38A mixed multitude went up with them also, and flocks and herds—a great deal of livestock. 39And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they had brought out of Egypt; for it was not leavened, because they were driven out of Egypt and could not wait, nor had they prepared provisions for themselves.
40Now the sojourn of the children of Israel who lived in Egypt was four hundred and thirty years. 41And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years—on that very same day—it came to pass that all the armies of the Lord went out from the land of Egypt. 42It is a night of solemn observance to the Lord for bringing them out of the land of Egypt. This is that night of the Lord, a solemn observance for all the children of Israel throughout their generations.
Passover Regulations
43And the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the ordinance of the Passover: No foreigner shall eat it. 44But every man’s servant who is bought for money, when you have circumcised him, then he may eat it. 45A sojourner and a hired servant shall not eat it. 46In one house it shall be eaten; you shall not carry any of the flesh outside the house, nor shall you break one of its bones. 47All the congregation of Israel shall keep it. 48And when a stranger dwells with you and wants to keep the Passover to the Lord, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as a native of the land. For no uncircumcised person shall eat it. 49One law shall be for the native-born and for the stranger who dwells among you.”
50Thus all the children of Israel did; as the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron, so they did. 51And it came to pass, on that very same day, that the Lord brought the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt according to their armies.
Key Passages in Exodus 10–12
1. God’s Purpose in the Plagues
“Go in to Pharaoh; for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his servants, that I may show these signs of Mine before him, and that you may tell in the hearing of your son and your son’s son the mighty things I have done in Egypt, and My signs which I have done among them, that you may know that I am the Lord.”\ — Exodus 10:1–2
2. The Eighth and Ninth Plagues (Locusts and Darkness)
These passages show God’s power and Pharaoh’s stubbornness, emphasizing the need for humility and obedience (Exodus 10:3–20, 10:21–29).
3. The Announcement of the Final Plague
“About midnight I will go out into the midst of Egypt; and all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die… But against none of the children of Israel shall a dog move its tongue, against man or beast, that you may know that the Lord does make a difference between the Egyptians and Israel.”\ — Exodus 11:4–7
4. The Institution of the Passover
“Now the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, ‘This month shall be your beginning of months; it shall be the first month of the year to you… On the tenth of this month every man shall take for himself a lamb… Your lamb shall be without blemish… Then the whole assembly… shall kill it at twilight. And they shall take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and on the lintel of the houses… It is the Lord’s Passover.’”\ — Exodus 12:1–13 (selected)
5. The Tenth Plague: Death of the Firstborn
“And it came to pass at midnight that the Lord struck all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh… to the firstborn of the captive who was in the dungeon, and all the firstborn of livestock. So Pharaoh rose in the night… and there was a great cry in Egypt, for there was not a house where there was not one dead.”\ — Exodus 12:29–30
6. The Exodus: Israel’s Departure
“Then he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, ‘Rise, go out from among my people, both you and the children of Israel. And go, serve the Lord as you have said. Also take your flocks and your herds, as you have said, and be gone; and bless me also.’”\ — Exodus 12:31–32
7. The Passover as a Lasting Ordinance
“So this day shall be to you a memorial; and you shall keep it as a feast to the Lord throughout your generations. You shall keep it as a feast by an everlasting ordinance.”\ — Exodus 12:14
Why These Passages Matter
1. God’s Purpose in the Plagues (Exodus 10:1–2)
This passage reveals that God’s actions are intentional and meant to teach both the Israelites and future generations about His power and sovereignty. It’s a reminder that God uses even difficult circumstances to reveal His character and to strengthen faith.
2. The Eighth and Ninth Plagues (Exodus 10:3–29)
These verses highlight the consequences of pride and stubbornness. Pharaoh’s refusal to humble himself before God leads to suffering, while Moses and Aaron’s obedience demonstrates the importance of trusting God’s instructions. This teaches us to choose humility and obedience over resistance.
3. The Announcement of the Final Plague (Exodus 11:4–7)
God’s distinction between the Egyptians and Israelites shows His justice and mercy. This passage emphasizes that God sees and cares for those who trust Him, and that His judgments are purposeful and fair.
4. The Institution of the Passover (Exodus 12:1–13)
The Passover marks a turning point in Israel’s history, symbolizing deliverance and redemption. The instructions about the lamb and the blood on the doorposts foreshadow the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, making this passage foundational for understanding salvation.
5. The Tenth Plague: Death of the Firstborn (Exodus 12:29–30)
This event demonstrates the seriousness of God’s judgment and the cost of disobedience. It also highlights the protection and deliverance given to those who follow God’s commands.
6. The Exodus: Israel’s Departure (Exodus 12:31–32)
Israel’s liberation from Egypt is a powerful example of God’s faithfulness to His promises. It encourages believers to trust God’s timing and to step out in faith when He calls.
7. The Passover as a Lasting Ordinance (Exodus 12:14)
This passage establishes the importance of remembering and celebrating God’s deliverance. It teaches the value of community, tradition, and passing faith to future generations.
In Summary
These passages are important because they:
Reveal God’s character—His power, justice, mercy, and faithfulness.
Teach the necessity of humility, obedience, and faith.
Establish foundational practices (like Passover) that shape spiritual identity and community.
Encourage believers to remember and share God’s works, fostering hope and trust in every generation.
Applying the Lessons of Exodus 10–12 to Your Life
1. Trust God’s Sovereignty and Power
Application: When you face challenges or situations beyond your control, remember that God is sovereign. Pray for the faith to trust His timing and power, even when circumstances seem overwhelming.
2. Practice Humility and Obedience
Application: Like Moses and Aaron, choose to obey God’s instructions, even when it’s difficult or unpopular. Reflect on areas where pride or stubbornness may be holding you back, and ask God for a humble heart.
3. Embrace God’s Deliverance and Redemption
Application: Remember that God offers deliverance from spiritual bondage through Christ. Accept His forgiveness, and let go of guilt or shame from the past. Celebrate your freedom in Christ and share your story of redemption with others.
4. Put Faith into Action
Application: Take steps of faith, even when you don’t have all the answers. Trust God’s promises and act on His Word, just as the Israelites prepared for the Passover and left Egypt in haste.
5. Value Community and Remembrance
Application: Participate in faith communities, celebrate God’s faithfulness together, and pass on stories of God’s work to the next generation. Remembering and sharing God’s deliverance strengthens your faith and encourages others.
6. Live with Readiness and Expectation
Application: The Israelites ate the Passover meal in haste, ready to move when God called. Stay spiritually prepared and attentive to God’s direction in your life, living with a sense of readiness for His leading.
7. Practice Remembrance and Gratitude
Application: Regularly recall and give thanks for God’s past faithfulness. Consider keeping a journal of answered prayers and spiritual milestones to remind yourself of God’s goodness.
Spiritual Reflection
Open your heart and mind to God’s Word, allowing it to transform your life in positive ways.
Trust God’s guidance even when the path is difficult or unclear.
Share your experiences with others to encourage and build up your community.
Live out your faith through obedience, humility, and active remembrance of God’s deliverance.
What Is Passover?
Passover (Pesach in Hebrew) is a foundational biblical festival that commemorates God’s deliverance of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. The story is found in Exodus 12, where God instructs each Israelite family to sacrifice a spotless lamb and mark their doorposts with its blood. That night, the Angel of Death “passed over” the homes marked by the blood, sparing the firstborn and leading to Israel’s liberation from Egypt.
Key Elements from Exodus:
The Lamb: Each household sacrificed a lamb without blemish.
The Blood: The blood on the doorposts was a sign for God to “pass over” and spare the household from judgment.
The Meal: The lamb was eaten with unleavened bread and bitter herbs, symbolizing haste and suffering.
Remembrance: God commanded that this event be remembered and celebrated annually.
Passover’s Meaning for Christians Today
1. Historical and Spiritual Significance
Passover is not just a historical event; it’s a living testimony of God’s faithfulness, power, and the longing for freedom. It highlights themes of suffering, redemption, obedience, and covenant.
2. Jesus as the Fulfillment of Passover
In the New Testament, Jesus is identified as the ultimate Passover Lamb. His sacrificial death and resurrection are seen as the fulfillment of the Passover’s symbolism. Just as the blood of the lamb protected the Israelites, Jesus’ blood brings spiritual deliverance and forgiveness of sins to all who believe.
The Last Supper, which Jesus shared with His disciples, was a Passover meal. Jesus gave new meaning to the bread and wine, saying, “This is my body… this is my blood… do this in remembrance of me” (Luke 22:19–20). This is the foundation for Christian communion.
3. Modern Observance and Application
For Christians, Passover is a time to remember God’s deliverance, reflect on Jesus’ sacrifice, and celebrate the freedom found in Christ. Many churches hold special services or meals during Holy Week, especially on Maundy Thursday, to connect the Passover story with the events of Easter.
The themes of redemption, freedom from bondage (both physical and spiritual), and God’s faithfulness are as relevant today as they were in ancient times.
Why Passover Still Matters
Remembrance: Passover teaches us to remember God’s mighty acts and faithfulness.
Redemption: It points to the ultimate redemption found in Jesus Christ.
Community: It encourages believers to gather, share their faith, and pass the story to future generations.
Hope: Passover inspires hope for deliverance from all forms of bondage—spiritual, emotional, or physical.
Further Reading
What is the significance of Passover today?
Spiritual Lessons and Reflections
Salvation and Redemption: Passover underscores God’s plan of salvation for humanity, demonstrated through His deliverance of the Israelites and fulfilled in Jesus Christ’s sacrifice. It emphasizes the importance of faith, obedience, and trusting in God’s promises for deliverance.
Renewal and Transformation: Passover calls believers to reflect on their spiritual journey, to repent of sin, and to embrace a renewed commitment to live in holiness and obedience to God. It symbolizes the removal of spiritual leaven (sin) from one’s life and the pursuit of righteousness.
The Lord’s Supper: Christians observe the Lord’s Supper as a ceremony remembering the suffering and death of Christ on their behalf.
Contemporary Relevance of Passover
Symbol of Hope: Passover serves as a symbol of hope and resilience, reminding believers of God’s faithfulness and provision in times of adversity and uncertainty. It encourages trust in God’s promises and His ability to bring deliverance and restoration.
Ethical Imperative: Passover challenges believers to extend kindness, compassion, and justice to others, reflecting God’s character and His commandments to love one another. It emphasizes social justice, care for the oppressed, and advocacy for freedom and dignity for all people.
Proclamation of Faith: Passover provides an opportunity for Christians to publicly testify to their faith in God’s deliverance and redemption. It encourages witness and sharing of personal testimonies of God’s faithfulness and grace.
As we learn about The power and the grace of the Almighty Father in Heaven to save His people from Pharaoh's hands we also learn what he wants us to do as Christians. Passover is a time of remembrance and celebration for our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ who paid the ultimate price for our sins. Jesus is the lamb and the last super was the fulfillment of the Passover’s symbolism. Through the blood of our Savior Jesus Christ we are freed from sin. This year Passover begins on April 1st. Lets see if we can be more observant and remember God’s acts of faithfulness and mercy by acknowledging Passover and give praise to God and all his glory.
Thank you for joining me today and I hope to see you tomorrow for Exodus 13 - 15. Please feel to comment. Lets start a conversation. Thank you.
